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Nasal discharge 3. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at high risk of serious flu … Testing for FCV or FHV involves collecting a mouth or eye swab which is then sent to a specialised veterinary laboratory. Although vaccination helps to reduce the risk of cat flu, this disease can still be seen in vaccinated cats. The main disadvantage a cat infected with cat flu has is that it becomes more susceptible to secondary infections. Direct contact with an infected cat showing signs of URI, Direct contact with a carrier cat shedding virus. Infections of cats over six months of age is likely to result in mild or subclinical infection. At a minimum, infected cats … FHV-1 and FCV are the main agents and are responsible for acute illness and may also be the cause of recurrent or chronic lesions[4]. Once a cat is exposed to calicivirus, it will go through an incubation period of 2-6 days before developing clinical signs which typically last for 14-21 days. Fortunately such infections are very rare (see: Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection). Abortion is thought to be secondary to fever and anorexia. Most people with symptoms had them by day 12. Very young, very old and immunosuppressed cats are more likely to develop severe disease and possibly die as a result of their URI, usually due to secondary infections (such as pneumonia), lack of nutrition and dehydration. Inappetence 6. Contributing stressors such as weaning, rehousing, air travel, etc., usually exacerbate any subclinical disease and quite often the first symptoms of the disease occur when the kitten is sold to a new owner. With kittens that have serious sinus infections, placing them in a steamed bathroom will help soften the nasal mucous. Injectable interferons may be used as a supportive treatment (either high doses of recombinant human interferons or recombinant feline interferon) – there is some evidence that this may be of benefit, but it probably needs to be given early in the course of disease for best effect. Breeder obligations with 'cat flu' and kittens sold under 'warranty', Thiry, E (2006) Feline viral rhinotracheitis. 'Cat flu' is one of the most common viral diseases of cats and responsible for half the visits to veterinarians by cat owners[1]. Viral replication at these sites leads to a marked depletion of white blood cells. first the cat will have symptoms that look like a cold, with sneezing, nasal congestion, fever and sometimes drooling Gaskell, RM & Povey, RC (1982) Transmission of feline viral rhinotracheitis. In kittens over three or four weeks of age and in adult cats the virus causes a very severe gastroenteritis, following an incubation period of five to nine days. Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Sixteen months after superinfection, the cats were temporarily immunosuppressed, and assessed for reactivation of FHV. FHV infection tends to be more severe, often causing more marked conjunctivitis (eye infection and ocular discharge), and some ulceration of the cornea (the clear part at the front of the eye). Analgesics may also be required. However, Vibravet® is not normally recommended because it causes yellowing of the kitten's teeth, although the drug does cause clinical improvement in symptoms while the kittens are on this medication. According to the CDC, although the incubation period can range from one to four days, the typical incubation period is two days. FHV-1 has a tropism for nasal epithelium and conjunctival cells and for neurocytes. Sneezes from infected cats can project the virus metres, so direct contact isn’t always necessary for another cat to become infected. Although mild doses of cat flu are not normally a problem, if the new owner is considering showing the cat at a cat show, the risk of spread to other cats can be a problem. It is not recommended that eye ointment containing corticosteroids be used as this often exacerbates the infection. Some cats may show mild signs of URI again when they shed the virus, but most do not. Coca's Owner. It is always advisable when selling a kitten to advise the purchaser that the kitten has had cat flu. Dr. Michele K. DVM. Pregnant queens may abort, although there is no evidence that the virus crosses the placenta and fatally infects foetuses, and virus has not been isolated from aborted foetuses or placenta. Serious outcomes of flu infection can result in hospitalization or death. Zivorax®, an anti-viral eye ointment, has been used with some success, but must be applied 6-8 times a day. the time is takes from exposure to the disease to the appearance of the first signs) is about 14-days. Fever The severity of these signs varies considerably – in some cats the signs are very mild and transient, in others they may be very marked and severe. Carrier cats usually show no sign of illness but, may shed virus in saliva, tears and nasal secretions, and can be a source of infection to other cats. Occasionally there may be ulcers on the tongue. During this entire time, the cat will potentially be infectious to other cats. Typical risk factors include: Most cat URIs are caused by infection with one or both of the cat flu viruses: These two viruses are thought to be responsible for more than 90% of URIs in cats. Because the virus can be spread from nasal discharges and sneezing, isolating the sick cat is important - perhaps housing it in a separate room altogether. ... Cats will shed vaccine virus for 4 days from the nose and mouth after … Most cats infected with FCV remain carriers of the virus, and continue to shed the virus for a period of weeks or months after infection, but the majority (although not all) will eventually eliminate the virus within a few months. URIs are common, as the causative viruses are widespread in cat populations. Triannual - every 3 years until 10 years. Mild signs were observed in all cats. Sneezing 2. In households containing only one or two cats… Although the viruses can be isolated by taking a nasal/oral swab and testing this at the lab, most vets normally treat symptomatically, assuming both viruses are involved. Feline influenza or cat flu is one of the most common respiratory illnesses in the cat, and one that elderly cats, young kittens and cats with a compromised immune system are particularly susceptible to. Antibiotics are indicated to treat secondary bacterial infections and to try to reduce the damage the infection causes. In at risk cats, vaccination (using modified live vaccines) is most important to prevent this disease and it is important to ensure that Queens are fully vaccinated prior to mating to give the kittens the highest protection at birth from maternal antibodies. More recently a drug used to treat human herpes virus infections – famciclovir – has been shown to be safe and effective in cats when given orally. Ocular discharge 4. FCV infection is often milder, with inapparent or less severe ocular signs, but FCV often causes ulceration of the tongue (and sometimes the palate or the lips). Calicivirus infection cause lameness and fever in young kittens (these can occasionally be seen after vaccination) but more commonly the kittens present with ulcers in the mouth, sneezing and runny noses. Carrier cats in a breeding colony are a source of risk to their kittens, as the stress of kittening may induce shedding of FHV. H3N8 has an incubation period of 1 to 5 days, with clinical signs in most cases appearing 2 to 3 days after exposure. The symptoms of flu typically last about 3 to 7 … Clinical signs include sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the eyes), ocular discharge, loss of appetite, fever and depression. This can be important, as poor nutrition will significantly contribute to disease and slow down healing. Maisons-Alfort: Edition du Point Veterinaire. Most cats that recover from infection with URI viruses will become ‘carriers’. This is associated with particular strains of the virus that are highly virulent and termed ‘virulent systemic FCV’ (vsFCV) infection. 'Carrier’ cats are a well recognised syndrome in catteries and is a problem that is difficult to eradicate. It can take as long as two weeks for signs of flu to appear, so one reason for apparent vaccine “failures”, especially in kittens, may be that they are already infected at the time of vaccination. Treatment of URIs is largely symptomatic and supportive. Cat flu, just like its pesky human equivalent, is very contagious. It is possible to confirm a diagnosis and to investigate which virus(es) are involved, but this is often not necessary. Infected cats and kittens usually have a fever, ar… Click Yes to help us continue to make these improvements. Contagious nature: High: Incubation period: 2–10 days, depending on the infection involved: Signs of infection Immune stimulants - Astragalus (a herb similar to echinacea and a proven immunostimulant in humans AIDS patients) is become more popular as an alternative immun-stimulant as shows promise in improving clinical symptoms associated with cat flu. We use cookies to improve our website to make sure you have a better browsing experience. Bathing the eyes and nose with warm salty water or cold calamine tea will hep stop secondary eye infections. About half the cats presenting with respiratory disease have FHV, about one third have FCV and a few have Chlamydophila felis infection. FHV may also cause: severe pharyngitis leading to anorexia; inflammation in the trachea; and coughing. Most kittens with flu are reluctant to eat, so nursing is the most important part of assisting with recovery. pp:91-97. The incubation period of canine influenza is approximately 2-to-4 days from initial exposure to the dog flu … In fully susceptible kittens up to 4 weeks old, the extensive rhinotracheitis and an associated bronchopneumonia may be fatal. Fortunately, the disease is very uncommon. Although the term is a misnomer since the influenza virus is rarely involved in the disease, cat flu is synonymous with upper respiratory illness[2]. The viruses associated with URIs are spread in three ways: All our advice is freely accessible to everyone, wherever you are in the world. Large amounts of virus are present in the saliva, tears and nasal discharges and the viruses may be able to survive in the environment and on objects for up to 2 (FHV) to 10 (FCV) days. Broad-spectrum antibiotic drops such as Chloromycetin or Chloropt improve clinical symptoms associated with conjunctivitis. There are a number of topical antiviral agents that can help to manage FHV-associated ocular disease (such as trifluoridine, idoxuridine and cidofovir). Keratitis associated with punctate corneal ulcers is common. The incubation period of the flu is usually between one and four days. Your vet may want to do some additional tests if they are concerned about the extent of disease (e.g., the possibility of pneumonia) or if they are worried about complications (such as infection with FIV or FeLV). 3 Recommendations. There are some differences in clinical presentation between the two viruses, but these are not sufficient to be able to distinguish them simply from clinical signs: Although FCV and FHV are viral infections, secondary infection with bacteria is common and can contribute to rhinitis (infection in the nose) conjunctivitis, and even lung infections. However, if anorexia is severe your cat may require hospitalisation for your vet to provide food via a feeding tube. Affected cats develop acute onset haemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhoea and some cats die rapidly. FCV may cause a transient arthritis (‘limping syndrome’), usually seen in young kittens, and in very young kittens can cause severe viral pneumonia. Clinical virology of the dog and cat. Sept. 15, 2009 (San Francisco) -- Some swine flu patients are still infected with H1N1 virus that they can transmit to other people eight to 10 days after their symptoms strike, researchers say. How long does it Last Incubation - exposure to showing signs -period is about 5-7 days The illness phase will last 7-10 days if treated, longer if not treated, and may even become a life long issue Mycoplasma is a very common organism in the environment, and it typically does take an underlying problem to have it cause disease. Here the virus can be identified through culturing or by a PCR test (a molecular test to show the presence of the viral genes). FCV, more genetically variant than FHV, is readily isolated by nasopharyngeal swabs in infected cats, and clinical signs usually involve gingivitis and lingual ulcers. Most dogs have been exposed to this virus one or more times … This page was last edited on 31 August 2011, at 23:08. Adult - 12 months after last kitten vaccination. To help prevent contraction make sure that your cat… The virus causes severe damage to the lining of the intestine and also travels via the blood to the bone marrow and lymph glands. Cat flu is a term most cat owners hate to hear associated with their pets. All cats and kittens must be vaccinated against cat flu from an early age (around 6 weeks). The incubation period following infection with FCV or FHV is usually just a few days (2-10 days). There are some differences in clinical presentation between the two viruses, but these are not sufficient to be able to distinguish them … After this, typical clinical signs develop which include: 1. Although most cats will recover from FHV and FCV infection, a significant majority will have life-long recurrence of viral infection, leading to unrelated disease such as gingivitis, chronic gastroenteritis, chronic cystitis, eosinophilic dermatitis and chronic conjunctivitis. People can begin infecting others about one day before any … Cat flu needed if your cat is not recommended that eye ointment containing corticosteroids be as. Sold under 'warranty ', Thiry, E ( 2006 ) feline viral rhinotracheitis damage the! 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