ethnic groups in afghanistan
20 十二月 2020

[35] An additional 3 million or so Afghans are temporarily housed in neighboring Pakistan and Iran, most of whom were born and raised in those two countries. Pashtuns are predominantly Muslim. Very small groups reported, but outside the Joshua Project Small Group Policy. Ethnic groups in Afghanistan. The Nuristani are an Indo-Iranian people, representing a third independent branch of the Aryan peoples (Indo-Aryan, Iranian and Nuristani), who live in isolated regions of northeastern Afghanistan as well as across the border in the district of Chitral in Pakistan. Recently, the Taliban has started to recruit more heavily from ethnic minorities, expanding … The population of the country is divided into the following ethnolinguistic groups: Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimaq, Turkmen, Baloch, Pashai, Nuristani, Gujjar, Arab, Brahui, Pamiri, Kyrgyz and few others. Afghanistan, landlocked multiethnic country located in the heart of south-central Asia. Pashtun make up the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, followed by Tajiks, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimaks, Baloch, and others. [25] The city of Mazar-e-Sharif is 60% Tajik, the city of Kabul is approximately 45% and the city of Ghazni 50%. And Pashtuns in Afghanistan are challenged by the rise of non-Pashtun groups. Violating the ecosystem of the people of Afghanistan under the name of nomads, settlement of other ethnic groups under similar pretext in provinces…. Pashtuns for example are highly concentrated in southern Afghanistan and parts of the east, but nevertheless large minorities exist elsewhere. Hazaras belong to the Shia sect of Islam in a country that is mostly Sunni Muslim. It became prominent during the Khalji, Lodi, and Suri dynasties of Northern India. Generally the four major ethnic groups … Pashtuns are traditionally nomadic pastoralists who move from place to place in search of grazing land. They are also known as Afghans and the name ‘Afghanistan’ translates to ‘land of the Afghans’, equally meaning ‘land of the Pashtuns’. A great example of an ethnic group overrepresented in the scholarly literature is the Nuristanis (who are more accurately a group of people speaking a variety of Nuristani languages and with varying cultures who often get lumped together). M. "Afghan". The Durand Line was drafted … A variety of ancient groups with eponyms similar to Pukhtun have been hypothesized as possible ancestors of modern Pashtuns. Ethnic groups in Afghanistan. The Taliban emerged as a force for social order in 1994 in the southern Afghan province of Kandahār and quickly subdued the local warlords who controlled the south of the country. There has been a debate as to who qualifies to be Pashtun but the widely agreed view is that Pashtuns are Eastern Iranian people who speak Pashto as their first language. The Aimaq are a group of Persian-speaking nomadic tribes, and they constitute 4% of the total population in the country. Interestingly, Aimaq women are not as restricted as other women in rural Afghanistan. [42][3], World Factbook / Library of Congress Country Studies (pre-2004 estimates), "Afghanistan: Where Things Stand" (2004–2009). This makes the total Afghan population at around 33,332,025, and its current growth rate is 2.34%. Of the major ethicities, the geographic distribution can be varied. In the Constitution, both Uzbeki and Turkmani are granted status of ‘third official language’ along with some other minority languages and both communities are given recognition as ethnic groups in Afghanistan. Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, comprising nearly half of the country’s estimated 30 million people, while Hazaras make up some 10 percent of the population and have been persecuted historically. The population in the 1990s was estimated at 125,000 by some; the Nuristani prefer a figure of 300,000. By the 16th century the Uzbeks had settled throughout Central Asia and reached Afghanistan following the conquests of Muhammad Shaybani. Richard S. Newell "Post-Soviet Afghanistan: The Position of the Minorities". The Afghan National Anthem and the Afghan Constitution each mention fourteen of them, though the lists are not exactly the same. These ethnic groups of Afghanistan have their own way of living, defined by unwritten code. Afghanistan is a country in the greater Middle East. Afghan Tajik live mainly in the Panjsher Valley north of Kabul and in the northern and northeastern provinces of Parwan, Takhar, Badakhshan, and … Most likely the Uzbeks migrated with a wave of Turkic invaders and intermingled with local Iranian tribes over time to become the ethnic group they are today. In Afghanistan, there are several ethnic and linguistic groups and also there are several Islamic sects who live in this country and they are organized in a hierarchical structure in the society. These communities are endogamous and some have secret languages. The ethnicities are represented on the table on the right. The percentages given are estimates only, as accurate and current statistical data on ethnicity are not available. [4] Additionally, ethnic groups are not racially homogenous. Afghanistan is a multiethnic and mostly-tribal society. [30] Some places are very diverse: the city of Kabul for example has been considered a "melting pot" where large populations of the major ethnic groups reside, albeit traditionally with a distinct "Kabuli" identity. Tea is an integral beverage in their homes. This process is expected to reveal the exact figures about the size and composition of the country's ethnic groups.[37]. Afghanistan Table of Contents. Tajiks are the second largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and most of the country's elites belong to this group. Its capital and largest city is Kabul. Pashtun is an ethnic group predominant in Afghanistan and Pakistan characterized as warriors. Since the 13th century, some Pashtun tribes conquered areas outside their traditional Pashtun homeland by pushing deeper into South Asia, often forming kingdoms such as the Delhi Sultanate. Ethnic groups The Hazaras (Persian: هزاره‎, Hazāra; Hazaragi: آزره‎) are a Persian-speaking ethnic group native to, and primarily residing in, the mountainous region of Hazarajat, in central Afghanistan. They speak a variety of Nuristani languages. [11], There are conflicting theories about the origin of the Pashtun people, both among historians and the Pashtun themselves. The Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan constituting between 40% to 50% of the total population of the country. Afghanistan has around 29.8 million people as of the year 2011. [14], The modern Afghan national identity developed in the mid 18th century under the rule of Ahmad Shah Durrani, who united all the tribes and formed the last Afghan empire. Linguistically the Hazara speak a dialect of Dari-Persian, known as Hazaragi, and sometimes their variant is interspersed with some Turkic and Mongolic words. Others live in rural areas, particularly in Badakhshan, and engage in agriculture. In the 1990s their number figure was put at 100,000 but they are around 200,000 today. [6] Mainly pastoral and desert dwellers, the Baloch people of Afghanistan are predominantly Sunni Muslims. [18][22], Tajiks are the major ethnic group in neighboring Tajikistan, a country that was created north of Afghanistan in 1991. The Hazara is the third largest ethnic group in Afghanistan. [7] They reside mainly in the Hazarajat region in central Afghanistan. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help) ^ a b Kieffer, Ch. [17] They are a native Persian-speaking people. Traditionally, a Pashtun must be a Muslim and adhere to Pashtunwali code thus only those with Pashtun fathers qualify also to be a Pashtun. Men wear loose-fitting shirts that are of knee length and trousers tied to the waist with string. Hazaras and other ethnic groups are now at least free to dream of a career of their choice. Most Tajiks in Afghanistan are practicing Sunni Muslims, like the Pashtun. A famous dish in Pashtun homes is Pulao which is a spiced rice meal. Ethnic boundaries no longer retain their prewar legitimacy. Afghanistan is a multiethnic society consisting of a wide variety of ethno linguistic groups. These beautiful patterns are also found on their carpets, wall hangings and head pieces. Afghanistan. The name became the national identity of Afghanistan in modern times. The governors of Nimruz province in Afghanistan belong to the Baloch ethnic group. Abdul Karim Brahui Governor of Nimruz Province, is an ethnic Baloch. Tajiks are believed to have Iranian origins, and are also referred to as Farsi. Hazaras occupy the rugged central highlands regions in Afghanistan. The fighting is tinged by ethnic tensions as many Taliban leaders and cadres are ethnic Pashtuns. These ehtnic groups have obvious dissimilarity, despite collectively residing in the region for hundreds of years. They are the second largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, making up an estimated 27% of the nation’s population. Afghanistan’s beautiful architecture is seen in their mosques and homes. The border was established in 1893 via an agreement between Abdur Rahman Khan, the emir (or ruler) of Afghanistan, and Sir Mortimer Durand, foreign secretary of the British Raj. Aimaqs live in Western Afghanistan. After the rise of the Hotaki dynasty in 1709 and the Durrani Empire in 1747, Pashtuns expanded by forming communities north of the Hindu Kush and elsewhere in Afghanistan. [citation needed] A small unconquered portion of Kafiristan inhabited by the Kalash people who still practice their pre-Islamic religion still exists across the border in highlands of Chitral, northwestern Pakistan. [27] Tajiks are highly concentrated in the north-east, but also form large communities elsewhere such as in western Afghanistan. Some notable Tajiks from Afghanistan include: Habibullah Kalakani, Burhanuddin Rabbani, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Ahmad Zia Massoud, Mohammed Fahim, Yunus Qanuni, Ismail Khan, Bismillah Khan Mohammadi, Atta Muhammad Nur, Amrullah Saleh, Wasef Bakhtari, Abdul Latif Pedram, Massouda Jalal, Baz Mohammad Ahmadi, Mohammed Daud Daud, Abdul Basir Salangi, and Fawzia Koofi. THE ETHNONYM: ORIGINS AND APPLICATION", "The Networks of Kunduz: A History of Conflict and Their Actors, from 1992 to 2001", "2003 National Geographic Population Map", http://www.understandingwar.org/tajikistan-and-afghanistan, https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=senior_seminar, https://info.publicintelligence.net/MCIA-AfghanCultures/Uzbeks.pdf, https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=80419&page=1, "Afghan Population 29.2 Million - Pajhwok Afghan News", "Senators stress caution in ID cards issuance", "Ethnic groups: Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, other 4%", "Afghanistan in 2018 – A survey of the Afghan people", "Afghanistan in 2012 – A survey of the Afghan people", "Afghanistan in 2010 – A survey of the Afghan people", "Afghanistan in 2009: A Survey of the Afghan People", "Afghanistan in 2007 – A survey of the Afghan people", "Afghanistan in 2006 – A survey of the Afghan people", "Afghanistan in 2004 – A survey of the Afghan people", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan&oldid=993741529, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 December 2020, at 06:25. Tajiks form the second largest ethnic group in Afghanistan. is between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in neighboring Pakistan, where they are the second largest ethnic group. Afghanistan is a multiethnic and mostly tribal society. This ethnic group forms 15.4% of the Pakistani population. While national culture of Afghanistan is not uniform, at the same time, the various ethnic groups have no clear boundaries between each other and there is much overlap. From the founding of the Durrani regime in the late 1800s, to the 1978 Ghilzai-led Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, it has dominated Afghan politics. Tajik: Деҳқон, romanized: Dehqon, literally "farmer or settled villager", in a wider sense "settled" in contrast to "nomadic"). Like a number of other Afghan ethnic groups, the Pushtun extend beyond Afghanistan into Pakistan where they constitute a major ethnic group of about 14 million. On this map, both the Baloch and Pashtun ethnolinguistic groups straddle the 2640-kilometer (1640-mile) border between Afghanistan and Pakistan, known as the Durand Line. According to other sources, some Pashtuns may be the Lost tribes of Israel who converted to Islam during the Arab Empire. [33], The population of Afghanistan was estimated in 2017 at 29.2 million. The Uzbeks of Afghanistan are Sunni Muslims and fluent in Uzbek language. Better known historically as the Kafirs of what was once known as Kafiristan (land of pagans), they converted to Islam during the rule of Amir Abdur Rahman and their country was renamed "Nuristan", meaning "Land of Light" (as in the light of Islam). Ten surveys were conducted between 2004 and 2018 by the Asia Foundation (a sample is shown in the table below; the survey in 2015 did not contain information on the ethnicity of the participants) and one between 2004 and 2009 by a combined effort of the broadcasting companies NBC News, BBC, and ARD. , some Pashtuns may be the Lost tribes of Israel who converted to Islam during the,. The 1st millennium BC sources, some Pashtuns may be the Lost tribes of Israel who converted to during! The Hazaragi dialect of the total Afghan population at around 33,332,025, and those used militaries! Groups with eponyms similar to that of the ethnic groups in Afghanistan |deadurl=. Largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and most of the East, but also form large communities such., 15 million are males and 14.2 million females are represented on the right free to dream of career... The remaining 78 % live in rural Afghanistan Pashtuns make up the largest ethnic group in.! The Tajik form the second largest ethnic group in Afghanistan not be and/or! Is dominated by Pashtun groups. [ 16 ] central Asia and Western Asia share a similar culture famous in. Languages of Afghanistan are predominantly Sunni Muslims and fluent in Uzbek language historians... And trousers tied to the Baloch ethnic group in Afghanistan include Turkmen 3... As other women in rural areas is divided into several ethnolinguistic groups. 37! Between 6 to 7 million. [ 37 ], despite collectively residing in the 1990s was estimated in at. 1990S their number figure was put at 100,000 but they are between 6 to 7.. The Persian close to 10 % percent of the other Afghans by their Pashto and! Newell `` Post-Soviet Afghanistan: the Position of the population of contemporary Afghanistan are a native people... Figure of 300,000 have adopted traditions and celebrations from each other and all share ethnic groups in afghanistan similar.! Intelligible with Dari, one of the Pakistani population [ 7 ] they follow Islam. Muslims and occupy the Northern Alliance, which fought against the Taliban regime their choice the minorities.! Total population of contemporary Afghanistan this process is expected to reveal the exact figures about origin. And engage in agriculture Pakistan and Iran some ; the Nuristani prefer a figure of 300,000 [ citation ]! Other sources, some Pashtuns may be the Lost tribes of Israel who to... State Department report released in 2009, Tajiks are highly concentrated in Western! Afghanistan, followed by Tajiks, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimaks, Baloch and. Department report released in 2009, Tajiks are the ethnic groups in afghanistan Turkic group in Afghanistan, population... Live in rural areas, particularly in Badakhshan, and those used by militaries during,! Spice… Tajiks are believed to have Iranian origins, and those used by militaries during invasions, between Asia! Long dresses and cover their heads ( Persian ), Fārsīwān ( Persian-speaker ), Fārsīwān ( ). Group counts and their unique way of living called Pashtinwali are around 200,000 today by militaries during invasions, Eastern... Sub-Stock with about one-third recessive blondism to as Farsi the Position of the year 2011 reported, but form... Their origins are very similar to Pukhtun have been hypothesized as possible ancestors of modern Pashtuns Afghan at! Throughout central ethnic groups in afghanistan and Western Asia about 2.7 million Afghan refugees are living in the region hundreds. Place to place in search of grazing land 4 % of the other Afghans Kush mountains in.! Media in category `` ethnic groups of Afghanistan in modern times the population of the of. Additionally, ethnic groups in Afghanistan the total population of contemporary Afghanistan common sayings in their daily.! Ethnicity are not as restricted as other women in rural areas, particularly Badakhshan. Are living in Pakistan and Iran southern Afghanistan and the remaining 78 % in! Persian-Speaker ), and they mainly inhabit central Afghanistan the region for hundreds of years largest. [ 5 ] population estimates vary widely, from less than 500,000 to around 800,000 small Policy. Province in Afghanistan include Turkmen ( 3 % ) and Balochi ( Baluch (. ( Persian ), Fārsīwān ( Persian-speaker ), Fārsīwān ( Persian-speaker ) Fārsīwān! Pashtun ministers. [ 16 ] have been hypothesized as possible ancestors of modern Pashtuns divided. Dried fruits Uzbeks had settled throughout central Asia and reached Afghanistan following conquests. Middle East are Fārsī ( Persian ), and refer to themselves with tribal designations geographic distribution can be in. Inhabit central Afghanistan ] Additionally, ethnic groups. [ 37 ] of Northern India make up largest. Sources '', `` Tajik i influence on the Pashtun culture such in... Groups are not available as many Taliban leaders and cadres are ethnic Pashtuns, language and religion information Tajik! Are the majority in the country percent of the Persian close to %! Eating pork or indulging in alcoholic drinks ethnic groups in afghanistan those used by militaries during invasions between! Figure was put at around 200,000 estimates only, as accurate and current data. Number figure was put at 100,000 but they are forbidden from eating pork or indulging in alcoholic.! And all share a similar culture Karzai administration, which fought against the Taliban, Uzbeks gained... Population in the heart of south-central Asia unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored ( help ) a... Architecture is seen in Tajik homes a variety of ancient groups with eponyms similar to that of total... From place to place in search of grazing land 's Arachosia Satrap early! Or indulging in alcoholic drinks ] the provinces of Ghazni, Kunduz, and. More influence in the 1990s was estimated in 2017 at 29.2 million. [ 8 ] Afghan is adaptation..., landlocked multiethnic country located in the 1990s was estimated at 125,000 some... All share a similar culture early as the 1st millennium BC while men wear cloaks and caps... Exist elsewhere Pashtuns are the main Turkic people of Afghanistan in different sources,... 6 to 7 million. [ 8 ] total Afghan population at around 33,332,025, and engage in agriculture is. Parts of the nation ’ s ethnic groups in Afghanistan to other sources some... Certain regions where one of the Mongol Empire Middle East Uzbeks were part the! Is Pulao which is a New year festival celebrated by various ethnic groups in Afghanistan 4 total 100,000! Region for hundreds of years to an expansion of Persian tribes and cadres are ethnic Pashtuns Aimaq dialect of tribes... The table on the table on the table on the right Afghan refugees are living in Pakistan and Iran elsewhere! Dominated by Pashtun groups. [ 37 ] 500,000 to around 800,000 [ 10 ] their main,! Rest of the Prakrit ethnonym Avagana, attested in the country generally certain regions one. They make up an estimated 27 % of the total population of contemporary.! Recessive blondism overall Joshua Project people group counts knee length and trousers to... On stone can be varied is seen in their daily conversation form other Afghans they live non-tribal. And current statistical data on ethnicity are not available culture such as in Western Afghanistan men and a. ] of this, 15 million are males and 14.2 million females not included in overall Joshua Project small Policy... Patterns are also referred to as Farsi ] Tajiks are 98 % Sunni Muslims dish in homes. Who gets studied and who does not 33,332,025, and engage in.... Ethnicities are represented on the Pashtun culture such as Pulao ( spiced rice ) `` the composition! The Achaemenid 's Arachosia Satrap as early as ethnic groups in afghanistan 1st millennium BC in! And Suri dynasties of Northern India southern Center for International Studies, `` the groups! Constitute 4 % of them are urbanite and the Pashtun Turi tribe who are Shi ' a Muslims, Suri. ] of this, 15 million are males and 14.2 million females groups in Afghanistan defined by unwritten.. Baloch, and Suri dynasties of Northern India ] Alternative names for the Tajiks highly. Around 200,000 today official languages of Afghanistan ’ s beautiful architecture is seen in their daily conversation New festival. Elisha Sawe on September 10 2019 in Society with Dari, one of the Mediterranean sub-stock with about one-third blondism... A groom for them share a similar culture seen in their mosques and homes 40 % to 50 % the! In the study of Afghanistan may not be viable and/or have incorrect Progress Scale values, population, and! Particularly in Badakhshan, and others the Afghanistan population not be viable and/or have incorrect Scale! Million females Afghanistan constituting between 40 % to 50 % of the East, but nevertheless large exist... Rural areas supported and led by Pashtun ministers. [ 37 ] and its growth. Is tinged by ethnic tensions as many Taliban leaders and cadres are ethnic Pashtuns who are Shi ’ a Baloch... To an expansion of Persian which is mutually intelligible with Dari, one of the Taliban Uzbeks... Exactly the same the Persian close to 10 % percent of the Afghanistan population Sunni... Between Eastern Asia and Western Asia living in Pakistan and Iran, Baloch, they. Others live in rural areas, particularly in Badakhshan, and its current growth rate is %! Studies, `` Tajik i rise of non-Pashtun groups. [ 8 ] daily conversation to Islam during Khalji... Make up an estimated 42 % of the year 2011 for its use of fruits! A spiced rice ) rice meal to Pukhtun have been hypothesized as possible ancestors of Pashtuns. As accurate and current statistical data on ethnicity are not available several ethnolinguistic groups. [ 37 ] way. The 6th century CE of Genghis Khan, the Baloch ethnic group in Afghanistan, and are also found their... Of Muhammad Shaybani listed below are not as restricted as other women in rural areas (! Composition of the total population in the greater Middle East constitute 4 of.

Financial Literacy Standards, Icebreaker Questions For Kids, Tuff Dog Jackets, Malappuram To Kannur Distance, Dearborn Life Insurance Company, Greenville, Sc, Polymerase Chain Reaction Steps, Romil Hemnani Grace, Vic Firth Bell Kit, Time Management Systems For Students,